This is a helpful list of translation related terminology

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Unicode
A character encoding scheme which addresses the shortcomings of ASCII and other competing encoding schemes. Unlike ASCII, which has space for only 128 characters (7-bit), Unicode can store 65536 characters (16-bit) to cover virtually all alphabets in the world.

Vector Graphics
Used to describe graphics made of mathematical objects called vectors such as curves and lines. Since every object can be defined as an equation, vector graphics can be scaled or transformed (e.g. rotation) without loss of detail unlike bitmap images. Also you can easily modify an object or a group of objects without disturbing others. For instance you can change the color of a circle by selecting it with the mouse and assigning a new color however you must literally paint if you want to change the color of a bitmap circle. On the other hand, the convenience of vector graphics comes with a cost: you cannot reproduce continuos tonal ranges of photographs or paintings. You can create smooth gradients or even simulated brush strokes (see Adobe Illustrator), but still there are certain limitations.

The program responsible for handling vector graphics converts vectors to bitmaps in order to physically show them on computer screens, which can only display pixels. Therefore the end result is always a bitmap image regardless of the underlying method of producing graphics.

Voice-over
Commentary in, e.g., a film, television programme, video, or commercial spoken by an unseen narrator. Foreign-language voice-over consists of two parts: translating the narrative, whereby, e.g., timing (coordinating the voice with the film sequence) is an important consideration; recording the voice-over, which may be performed by a linguist with special training and/or expertise or by an actor. Voice-over services are provided by some translators and translation agencies/companies.

Whispering
Similar to simultaneous interpreting, whereby the interpreter sits close to the listener and whispers the translation without technical aids.

Word count
A standard measure of the size of a text. Translation projects, for example, are often priced on a per-word ( US ) or per-1000-word (GB) basis.

WYSIWYG
Stands for "What You See Is What You Get". Originally used to describe software applications that let you see how your work will look like after it gets printed. Some software produced in 1980's and early 1990's lacked the capability of displaying different typefaces or graphics on screen because of technical limitations, while they can produce them in printer output. First popular WYSIWYG applications were written for the Apple Macintosh that made its debut in 1984. PCs started to catch up a few years later with the introduction of Windows 2.0.

A new use has recently arisen to separate text-based HTML editors from their graphical WYSIWYG counterparts. Text-based HTML editors such as BBEdit and HotDog Professional exclusively require hand coding while in WYSIWYG HTML editors such as Macromedia Dreamweaver and Microsoft FrontPage, you can edit elements of a web page graphically with a mouse.

XLIFF
XML Localisation Interchange File Format. It is a XML specification for multi-lingual data exchange. This standard is under the supervision of Oasis.

XML
eXtensible Markup Language. It is called a metadata language - a language describing other markup languages. It is a format used for structuring documents and data on the web. XML is a simpler subset of SGML.

A simplified form of SGML. A W3C standard for semantic and structural tagging of XML documents. It is a set of rules for forming semantic tags that break a document into parts and identify the different parts of the document. You can create tags as long as they are documented in a DTD, a DCD, or some other XML schema.

It should be noted that from a writers point of view, authoring an XML document (using a text editor) is harder than authoring an SGML document because XML does not support markup minimisation.

XML schema
A structured framework or plan that contains the elements or tags (and their definitions) to outline the organization of your content in an XML file.

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